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Access Point

In computer networking, an access point (AP) is a device that acts as a central hub for connecting wireless devices to a wired network. It serves as a bridge between wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets, and the existing wired infrastructure, typically a local area network (LAN) or the internet. The access point is responsible for managing and controlling the wireless network, including authentication, data encryption, and network access.

Types of access points

Standalone Access Point: A standalone access point is a dedicated device that functions solely as an access point. It is usually connected to a wired network and provides wireless connectivity to devices within its coverage area. Standalone access points are commonly used in small to medium-sized networks, where a limited number of access points are required.
Controller-Based Access Point: A controller-based access point, also known as a thin access point, requires a separate wireless LAN controller (WLC) for management and control functions. The WLC is responsible for configuring and coordinating multiple access points within a network. This type of access point is commonly used in larger networks where a high number of access points need to be deployed and centrally managed.

Functions of an Access Point

Wireless Network Connectivity: The primary function of an access point is to provide wireless network connectivity to devices within its coverage area. It allows wireless devices to connect to the network without the need for physical cables, enabling mobility and flexibility.
Authentication and Encryption: Access points play a crucial role in ensuring network security. They authenticate devices attempting to connect to the network and enforce encryption protocols, such as WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2), to protect data transmitted over the wireless network.
Network Management: Access points provide a centralized point of control for managing and configuring wireless network settings. This includes setting up network names (SSID), applying security settings, managing IP addresses, and controlling access to the network.
Roaming Support: Access points facilitate seamless roaming for wireless devices. When a device moves from one access point’s coverage area to another, the access points coordinate to ensure a smooth transition without interrupting the device’s network connection.
Load Balancing: In larger networks with multiple access points, load balancing is an important function. Access points distribute the network traffic evenly across available access points to optimize performance and prevent congestion on any single access point.
Monitoring and Troubleshooting: Access points provide monitoring and diagnostic capabilities to network administrators. They allow administrators to view real-time statistics, monitor network performance, identify connectivity issues, and troubleshoot problems related to the wireless network.
Guest Access: Access points often offer a guest network feature, which allows visitors or temporary users to access the network with limited privileges. This ensures separate network isolation and provides a secure way to grant internet access to guests without compromising the main network.

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