Author: Admn1str-t0r


  • The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is an essential network-layer protocol within the Internet Protocol Suite. It plays a crucial role in facilitating communication and exchanging error messages between network […]

  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for email transmission. It is a protocol used to send and receive email messages between mail servers and is widely used […]

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core protocol of the Internet protocol suite that provides reliable, connection-oriented communication between devices over IP networks. It ensures that data packets are delivered […]

  • The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport layer protocol used in computer networks. It provides a simple, minimalistic, and lightweight method of delivering data between devices on a […]

  • MAC Addressing

    MAC addressing (Media Access Control addressing) is a method used to uniquely identify network devices at the data link layer of the networking protocol stack. MAC addresses are assigned to […]

  • A firewall is a network security device that acts as a barrier between an internal network and the external network (usually the Internet). It monitors and controls incoming and outgoing […]

  • In computer networking, a modem (short for modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables communication between a computer or other network devices and an internet service provider (ISP) or a telecommunications […]

  • The Domain Name System (DNS) is a decentralized naming system used to translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, which are the numerical addresses used by computers to identify and […]

  • The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a widely used protocol for accessing and managing email messages on a mail server. It provides a set of rules and commands that […]

  • Post Office Protocol (POP) is a standard email protocol that enables users to retrieve their email messages from a mail server to their local email client or device. It is […]